May Day is a significant day for the international labour movement. It dates back to when unions won the eight-hour work day and today it represents the ongoing campaign for fair working conditions.
In the 1800s, union members across the world began advocating for better working conditions, including shorter work hours. At the time, workers were expected to work up to 16 hours a day, often under dangerous conditions.
On 1 May 1886, a series of protests were held across the United States, with workers demanding an eight-hour workday with no reduction in pay. In Chicago, the tragic Haymarket Affair took place. After a peaceful rally on 3 May, an unknown individual threw a small homemade bomb at police, which caused the police and protestors to open fire on each other resulting in the deaths of several officers and protesters, while injuring many more. This event came to symbolise the struggle for workers’ rights.
In Australia, the eight-hour work day movement began in the 1850s, led by stonemasons in Melbourne and Sydney. In 1856, after resistance from their bosses, Melbourne stonemasons downed tools, marched for an eight-hour day and were successful. This victory inspired others to stand up for their rights which led to the eight-hour workday becoming the standard in Australia.
The Australian union movement has continued to celebrate May Day, honouring the achievements of past workers.
We remember the sacrifices of those who fought for the rights we now enjoy and will continue to fight for a fairer system.