But technology such as laptops, tablets and instant messaging has a more positive impact on wellbeing.

The study of over 6000 people by the Institute for the Future of Work examined the impact of various technologies on wellbeing.

According to the study, increased exposure to technologies like AI-based software, wearable trackers, and robotics, correlates with poorer health and wellbeing among workers, The Guardian reported.

“We found that quality of life improved as the frequency of interaction with ICTs [information, communication and technology] increased, whereas quality of life deteriorated as frequency of interaction with newer workplace technologies rose,” the report said.

The authors pointed out their findings were consistent with previous research, which showed “such technologies may exacerbate job insecurity, workload intensification, routinisation and loss of work meaningfulness, as well as disempowerment and loss of autonomy”.

Economists at Goldman Sachs speculated last year that 300 million jobs worldwide could be automated out of existence by 2030 as a result of the development of generative AI.

Mary Towers, the British Trade Union Congress’s lead on AI, said: “These findings should worry us all. They show that without robust new regulation, AI could make the world of work an oppressive and unhealthy place for many.

“If we put the proper guardrails in place, AI can be harnessed to genuinely enhance productivity and improve working lives.”