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A World Health Organization report says 1.4 billion people worldwide had hypertension in 2024, with control rates dangerously low in many countries.

The report highlights that less than a quarter of people with the condition have it under control and urges countries to integrate hypertension care into their universal health systems and improve access to medication.

WHO analysis of data from 195 countries and territories shows that 99 of them have national hypertension control rates below 20 per cent. The majority of the affected people live in low- and middle-income countries, where health systems face resource constraints.

The report highlights major gaps in hypertension prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term care.

Key barriers include weak health promotion policies (on risk factors such as alcohol, tobacco use, physical inactivity, salt, and trans fats), and limited access to validated blood pressure devices.

Blood pressure medication is one of the most cost-effective public health tools. Yet only 28 per cent of low-income countries report general availability of all WHO-recommended medicines, compared with 93 per cent of high-income countries.

“Every hour, over 1000 lives are lost to strokes and heart attacks from high blood pressure, and most of these deaths are preventable,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General.

Poor diet is a factor in 20 per cent of global deaths.

The Global Burden of Disease study found that non-communicable diseases such as cancer and diabetes now account for nearly three-quarters of the 55.9 million deaths worldwide.

The leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease, with abnormal tissue growth including cancers in second place, and chronic respiratory conditions in third. Among cancer deaths, lung cancer was the most common cause.

Experts say the latest findings reflect an accelerating shift away from deaths relating to infections and problems around birth and towards diseases such as cancer and diabetes.

High blood glucose – which can lead to diabetes – was the fourth biggest risk factor for an early death, while almost nine per cent of deaths worldwide – about five million – were attributable to air pollution, putting it in fifth place.

The opioid epidemic was a major killer, with the number of deaths from substance use disorders up by almost 24 per cent since 2007, with a 77 per cent jump for opioid deaths: about 110,000 people are thought to have died from the use of such drugs in 2017.

Poor diet was the greatest risk factor for death from non-communicable disease. A bad diet was behind more than 19 per cent of all deaths worldwide in 2017 and almost 70 per cent of coronary heart disease deaths.

Read more: The Global Burden of Disease study’s findings can be found at: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32154-2/fulltext

Uncontrolled high blood pressure puts over a billion people at risk

Non-communicable diseases account for three-quarters of deaths worldwide